【共享法庭·普法专栏】离职了,工作微信号还是我的吗?
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<span style="font-family:"Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,"Hiragino Sans GB","Apple Color Emoji","Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol",Arial,sans-serif;"><strong style="caret-color: red;"><span style="font-size: 19px;"><strong>引言</strong></span></strong><br/></span>
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<span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">工作微信号是指专门为工作创立的微信,在工作微信上加的好友往往都是一些业务和工作中的朋友。工作微信号的使用已经遍布职场,微信从原来的私人沟通工具逐渐演变为工作沟通工具。很多单位或公司都会为员工配备工作手机用于注册工作微信号,那么当公司员工离职时,该工作微信号还是员工自己的吗?</span>
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<span style="font-family:"Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,"Hiragino Sans GB","Apple Color Emoji","Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol",Arial,sans-serif;"><strong><span style="font-size: 19px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;"><strong>以案说法</strong></span></strong></span>
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<span style="font-size: 19px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;"> <span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;"> 2020年7月,刘某通过应聘进入上海某公司从事销售工作,入职后公司为他配备工作手机和手机卡,但刘某并未使用公司提供的手机号注册微信号,而是使用自己的手机号、用个人身份信息注册了微信号用于工作。 </span></span>
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<span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">2021年9月,刘某因个人原因与公司解除劳动关系。公司称,因微信中涉及客户的商业信息,要求刘某立即返还工作微信号,并协助公司办理工作微信号主体信息变更。刘某称,微信内的客户信息已经交接给同事,微信号是用自己的身份证和手机号注册的,不能把微信号交给公司。双方矛盾激化,公司起诉至上海市某区人民法院,要求刘某归还工作微信号并承担因无法联系微信客户带来的经济损失。</span>
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<span style="font-family:"Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,"Hiragino Sans GB","Apple Color Emoji","Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol",Arial,sans-serif;"><strong><span style="font-size: 19px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;"><strong> </strong></span></strong></span>
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<span style="font-family:"Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,"Hiragino Sans GB","Apple Color Emoji","Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol",Arial,sans-serif;"><strong><span style="font-size: 19px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;"><strong>法院认定</strong></span></strong></span>
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<span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">法院认为:根据《微信个人账号使用规范》写明,微信账号的所有权归平台所有,用户完成申请注册手续后,仅获得微信账号的使用权,且该使用权仅属于初始申请注册人。本案中,案涉的微信号虽然是刘某在职时作为工作号使用,但该微信号是刘某使用自己的手机号注册,刘某系初始注册申请人,其对该微信号享有使用权,公司并不享有使用权,因此公司主张刘某归还该微信号缺乏法律依据,对其诉求不予支持。</span>
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<span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">关于微信中涉及的客户等相关信息问题,刘某提交的聊天记录显示其已将相关信息发送至原公司同事,该同事亦确认属工作交接,故对公司主张经济损失的诉求不予支持。</span>
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<span style="font-family:"Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,"Hiragino Sans GB","Apple Color Emoji","Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol",Arial,sans-serif;"><strong><span style="font-size: 19px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;"><strong>律师建议</strong></span></strong></span>
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<span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">当今,对于网络社交账号的所有权是存在一定争议的。在用户协议中,绝大多数的网络公司会列出社交媒体账号归属于网络公司所有的条款,用户完成申请手续获得账户后,只享有社交媒体账号的使用权,如微信、抖音、腾讯游戏、小红书等。其中微信更详细规定:用户完成申请注册手续后,获得微信账号的使用权,且该使用权仅属于初始申请注册人。</span>
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<span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">为避免上述案件类似的争议,笔者提出如下建议:</span>
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<span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">1.对于工作用微信号,相关单位应要求员工使用单位名下的手机号码进行注册,或者直接注册企业微信号;</span>
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<span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">2.员工入职时,应在劳动合同或相关合同中明确约定微信账号的归属问题;</span>
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<span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">3.员工应严格遵守单位规章制度正确使用工作微信号,不可公私混用,避免不当使用带来麻烦。</span>
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<span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">网络社交账号归属权在当前的移动互联网时代将变得越来越重要,相信在将来,我们能找到一个公平、有效的解决方案。在保护各方权益的同时,充分发挥网络社交的潜力,推动各行业的健康发展。</span>
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浙江嘉瑞成(乐清)律师事务所:赵云
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