突发！紧急预警！已有上百例...
<p style="margin-bottom: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;text-wrap: wrap;text-align: center;" data-mpa-powered-by="yiban.io" align="center"><span style="font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; caret-color: red;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;">近日，手足口病进入高发期</span><br/>
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<span style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;font-size: 15px;">不少孩子突发高烧、抽搐</span>
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<span style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;font-size: 15px;">让家长揪心</span>
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<span style="outline: 0px;color: #021EAA;visibility: visible;font-size: 15px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;">杭州4岁男孩突然高烧40℃</strong></span>
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<span style="outline: 0px;color: #021EAA;visibility: visible;font-size: 15px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;">退烧药也不管用</strong></span>
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<span style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;font-size: 15px;">前几天，4岁的楠楠突发高热，<strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: #007AAA;visibility: visible;">体温直冲40℃，一天内热峰达三四次，即使服用了退烧药，也始终没办法降至正常温度。</span></strong></span>
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<span style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;font-size: 15px;">怎么回事？孩子不会中招流感了吧？着急的爸爸妈妈赶紧带着孩子到浙大儿院发热门诊就诊。</span>
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<span style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;font-size: 15px;">接诊医生进行仔细体格检查后发现，楠楠的嘴巴里长了不少疱疹，一碰就疼，身上其他地方也有红红的皮疹。根据典型的皮疹表现和皮疹部位，医师判断，<strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: #007AAA;visibility: visible;">楠楠是中招了手足口病。</span></strong></span>
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<span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: #021EAA;">姐弟突发抽搐</span></strong></span>
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<span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: #021EAA;">确诊手足口病</span></strong></span>
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<span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;">6月15日凌晨1时，1岁男孩悦悦（化名）突发抽搐被妈妈李茹（化名）抱进长沙市中心医院（南华大学附属长沙中心医院）儿科急诊室，诊断为手足口病。同日下午3时，3岁的姐姐萌萌（化名）也因抽搐入院，同样诊断为手足口病。</span>
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<span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;">该院儿科副主任、主任医师李嘉表示，<strong style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: #007AAA;">一周内该院儿科急诊已接诊500多例手足口病和疱疹性咽峡炎患儿，其中发生抽搐的约40例。</span></strong>“进入夏季以来，手足口病和疱疹性咽峡炎高发，两者症状相似，都属于自限性疾病，具有传染性，学龄前儿童需重点防范这两种病。”</span>
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<span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;">在儿科病房，李茹正在照看女儿萌萌，小儿子悦悦正在儿科监护室接受治疗。</span>
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<span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;">李茹回忆：“儿子悦悦是6月14日晚开始发烧，当时测体温有39.8℃，发生抽搐是晚上零点左右，我们吓坏了，立马带他来医院急诊，医生检查说孩子嘴里全是疱疹，因为长在嘴里，所以我们并没有及时发现。女儿萌萌则是6月15日下午1点开始发烧抽搐，我们查看后发现她嘴里长满了和弟弟一样的疱疹，不敢耽搁就马上来了医院，果然也是手足口病。现在姐弟两人的手上和脚上都长出了疱疹。”</span>
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<span style="outline: 0px;color: #021EAA;font-size: 15px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;">儿院专家：此病五六月份多发</strong></span>
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<span style="outline: 0px;color: #021EAA;font-size: 15px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;">如果孩子突发高热、手足口出现皮疹</strong></span>
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<span style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: #021EAA;"><strong style="outline: 0px;">要高度怀疑！</strong></span><strong style="outline: 0px;"></strong></span>
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<span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;">浙大儿院感染科花旺主任医师表示：“<strong style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: #007AAA;">手足口是由肠道病毒引起的急性发热出疹性传染病</span></strong>，最常见的两个病毒是柯萨奇A16型和肠道病毒71型。婴幼儿和儿童普遍易感，<strong style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: #007AAA;">尤其是5岁以下儿童尤为易感。</span></strong>每年手足口病在3月份的时候会有少量的散发病例，随着天气的暖和，等从五一之后到夏秋季节，会是手足口病发病的高峰期。”</span>
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<span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;">他表示，<strong style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: #007AAA;">手足口病的潜伏期多为2-10天，平均3-5天，在发病早期，患儿有可能常表现为疲倦、食欲下降、低热、身体不适、腹痛等前驱症状。</span></strong>手足口病最大的特点就是病如其名，初始一般是发热、咳嗽等类似感冒症状，在孩子突发高热1-2天后，可以发现患儿的口腔、手、脚出现了疱疹。除了手足口部位外，臀部、肛周以及全身其他部位也有可能会出现疱疹。</span>
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<span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;">和烫伤、烧伤、磨损后出现的水疱不同，手足口病的疱疹小而硬，<strong style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: #007AAA;">表现为皮厚、**少、不易碰破，疱疹周围还有一圈红晕，不痛不痒。</span></strong>疱疹多在3-5天内自行退掉。消退的时候不破皮、不结痂、不留疤，是典型的手足口病疱疹的特点。</span>
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<span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;">他同时表示，根据流行病学史、病史和皮疹特点，临床诊断手足口病还是比较容易的，需注意的是，手足口病皮疹特点和感染的具体病毒种类、病毒毒力和机体免疫力也有关系，确诊需要在体液标本中分离出病毒、病毒核酸阳性或特异性抗体IgM阳性。</span>
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<span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;">另外，据医生介绍，与手足口病为“同胞兄弟”的疱疹性咽峡炎是以急性发热和咽部疱疹为特征的疾病，大多由柯萨奇A组病毒、疱疹病毒、EV病毒引起，<strong style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: #007AAA;">传染性比较强，传染途径与手足口病相同。</span></strong></span>
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<span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;">疱疹性咽峡炎的潜伏期一般是2到4天，<strong style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: #007AAA;">临床表现为高热、咽痛、流口水、食欲不振、呕吐、抽搐等。</span></strong>检查时可以看到患儿咽部充血，在咽腭弓、软腭、悬雍垂的黏膜上可见多个2～4毫米大小灰白色的疱疹，周围有红晕。这些疱疹会在出现1～2天后形成小溃疡，疱疹也可发生于口腔的其他部位，整个病程在1周左右。绝大部分的疱疹性咽峡炎愈后较好，如果出现同手足口病一样的表现，提示可能有并发症。病情较重的话，则需要马上就医并且住院观察。</span>
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<span style="outline: 0px;color: #021EAA;font-size: 15px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;">孩子中招怎么办？</strong></span>
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<span style="outline: 0px;color: #021EAA;font-size: 15px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;">如何预防手足口病？</strong></span>
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<span style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="outline: 0px;">孩子万一中招手足口病怎么办？</span><span style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;">如何预防？</span></span>
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<span style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-size: 15px;">针对这些热点问题，</span>
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<span style="outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.578px;font-size: 15px;">花旺主任医师进行了解答。</span>
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<span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: #007AAA;">Q1手足口病严重吗重？多久可以康复？</span></strong></span>
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<span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;">花旺：手足口病是一种自限性疾病，尤其在EV71疫苗接种后，重症病例减少明显。大多数患儿症状较轻，可以在家休养，发病后一周左右即可自愈恢复，为将传染性降至最低，应居家至病程满2周。</span>
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<span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: #007AAA;">Q2得了手足口病可以吃什么药？抗生素有效吗？</span></strong></span>
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<span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;">花旺：<strong style="outline: 0px;">目前还没有针对手足口病的特效抗病毒药物和特异性治疗手段，更不能盲目给孩子用抗生素。</strong>抗生素对病毒感染并无效果，盲目使用反而容易增加抗生素耐药性，增加胃肠不适等反应。</span>
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<span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: #007AAA;">Q3不吃药心里发慌，家长可以做点啥？</span></strong></span>
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<span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;">花旺：手足口病的治疗原则主要为对症治疗：疼痛和发热所致的不适可采用布洛芬或对乙酰氨基酚缓解，温生理盐水漱口，保证水分供给维持生理需要量（对于口服困难的孩子，可以来医院静脉补液）。密切关注孩子的精神状态和呼吸情况，同时做好口腔和皮肤护理。</span>
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<span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;">同时，家长还需要做好饮食安排和伤口护理。</span>
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<span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;">饮食安排：</span></strong><span style="outline: 0px;">嘴里的疱疹会让宝宝很疼，拒绝进食。妈妈可以给宝宝吃一些温凉的流质或较软不需咀嚼的食物，缓解不适。比如冰牛奶、冰淇淋。像热饮、酸性食物（柑橘类、番茄等）就暂时不要给孩子吃了。</span></span>
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<span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;">伤口护理：</span></strong><span style="outline: 0px;">手、脚长了疱疹，应保持该区域的清洁和裸露。用温水和肥皂轻柔清洗皮肤，并拍干。如果水泡破裂，可以局部涂聚维酮碘液消毒。</span></span>
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<span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: #007AAA;">Q4孩子得了手足口病需要送医生吗？什么情况可以在家观察？什么情况一定要送医？</span></strong></span>
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<span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;">花旺：症状较轻的可以在家观察，以下两种情况不能大意，要及时送医。一是病情较重、进展快，这种情况可能引发脑炎、心肌炎、肺炎等严重并发症，个别重症患儿甚至可能危及生命；二是孩子在3岁以下，3岁以下婴幼儿感染后易出现重症。</span>
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<span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;">怎么判断孩子病情急不急重不重？可以在患儿刚发病的几天里，观察是否有以下症状：持续不退的高热、精神萎靡或者烦躁、睡眠过程中一惊一跳、呕吐、面色苍灰、四肢发凉等症状。如有以上情况，家长应立即带孩子送医，早期发现重症并及时得到救治十分重要。</span>
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<span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: #007AAA;">Q5有没有预防手足口病的办法？如何减少中招概率？</span></strong></span>
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<span style="outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;">花旺主任表示，手足口病的传染性极强，病菌主要通过口腔进入肠道，食物、水、唾液、空气、脏手、玩具等都可以成为传播介质。小朋友们活动多、互动多，因此很容易发生交叉感染。日常一定要注意饮食卫生和个人清洁。</span>
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