【共享法庭·普法专栏】退休后返聘，劳动权益如何保护？
<section data-role="paragraph" class="_135editor"><p style="line-height: 33px; text-indent: 2em;text-align:justify;" align="justify">
<span style="font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 2px; text-indent: 45px; caret-color: red;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">当前，我国人口老龄化趋势正迅速发展，</span><span style="font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 2px; text-indent: 45px; caret-color: red;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">退休后选择返聘继续</span><span style="font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 2px; text-indent: 45px; caret-color: red;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">就业越来越普遍</span><span style="font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 2px; text-indent: 45px; caret-color: red;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">，</span><span style="font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 2px; text-indent: 45px; caret-color: red;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">而再就业的工作类型大多数是辅助性、临时性的，因此容易导致劳动用工权益保护难题。</span>
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<span style="font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 2px; text-indent: 45px; caret-color: red;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;" >退休后返聘人员与用人单位之间形成的是劳动关系还是劳务关系？两者区分的关键因素有哪些？让我们通过以下案例具体分析。</span>
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<span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;"><strong><span style="letter-spacing: 2px; font-style: normal; font-size: 16px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;"><strong>【案例】</strong></span></strong></span>
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<span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;"><strong><span style="letter-spacing: 2px; font-style: normal; font-size: 16px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;"><strong>基本案情：</strong></span></strong><span style="letter-spacing: 2px; font-style: normal; font-size: 16px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">韩某于2015年6月15日入职一家保安公司从事保安工作，时年55周岁。2022年8月12日，韩某在工作中受伤。同年9月6日，韩某申请仲裁，要求确认其于2022年8月12日与保安公司存在劳动关系。仲裁机构认为，因其已达退休年龄，无主体资格，决定不予受理。韩某遂诉至法院，要求确认劳动关系。</span></span>
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<span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;"><strong><span style="letter-spacing: 2px; font-style: normal; font-size: 16px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;"><strong>法院裁判：</strong></span></strong><span style="letter-spacing: 2px; font-style: normal; font-size: 16px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">本案中，韩某在未达退休年龄之前即已经在该保安公司工作，双方签订有书面的劳动合同。在韩某达到法定退休年龄之后，该保安公司未为其办理劳动关系终止或者解除手续，而是继续留用，且工作内容、考勤管理以及薪资待遇等均未发生变化，故韩某与该保安公司之间的关系仍然符合劳动关系的基本性质和构成要件，据此可以认定在双方于诉请期间存在劳动关系。</span></span>
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<span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;"><strong><span style="letter-spacing: 2px; font-style: normal; font-size: 16px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;"><strong>【法律分析】</strong></span></strong></span>
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<p style="text-indent: 45px; line-height: 33px;text-align:justify;" align="justify">
<span style="letter-spacing: 2px; font-style: normal; font-size: 16px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">在司法实践中对于超过法定退休年龄人员与用人单位之间的关系界定主要存在三种观点：</span>
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<p style="text-indent: 45px; line-height: 33px;text-align:justify;" align="justify">
<span style="letter-spacing: 2px; font-style: normal; font-size: 16px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">第一种观点认为，双方之间系劳务关系。其法律依据为《劳动合同法实施条例》第二十一条。同时，实践中办理各种社会保险手续必须在60周岁以下，行政机关和仲裁机构对超过法定退休年龄的人员与用人单位之间的劳动关系普遍不认可。</span>
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<p style="text-indent: 45px; line-height: 33px;text-align:justify;" align="justify">
<span style="letter-spacing: 2px; font-style: normal; font-size: 16px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">第二种观点认为，应按劳动关系处理。其主要依据是我国法律对劳动者的年龄上限并无禁止性规定。我国《宪法》规定，中华人民共和国公民有劳动的权利和义务。</span>
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<p style="text-indent: 45px; line-height: 33px;text-align:justify;" align="justify">
<span style="letter-spacing: 2px; font-style: normal; font-size: 16px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">第三种观点认为，应区别对待。根据《最高人民法院关于审理劳动争议案件适用法律问题的解释（一）》第三十二条第一款之规定，应将已经依法享受养老保险待遇或领取退休金的人员与用人单位发生的争议按劳务关系处理，未享受养老保险待遇或领取退休金的人员与用人单位发生的争议，按劳动关系处理。</span>
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<p style="text-indent: 45px; line-height: 33px;text-align:justify;" align="justify">
<span style="letter-spacing: 2px; font-style: normal; font-size: 16px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">综合以上法律规定及相关立法意旨，案例属于劳动者达到法定退休年龄，用人单位未与其解除劳动合同继续留用未办理退休手续的情况，应当按照劳动关系处理。</span>
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<span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;"><strong><span style="letter-spacing: 2px; font-style: normal; font-size: 16px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;"><strong>【建议】</strong></span></strong></span>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 2px; font-style: normal; font-size: 16px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">退休后返聘再就业，建议从以下两个方面更好地维护自身的合法权益。</span>
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<span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: 2px; font-style: normal; font-size: 16px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;"><strong>一、</strong></span><strong><span style="letter-spacing: 2px; font-style: normal; font-size: 16px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;"><strong>重视书面合同签订</strong></span></strong><span style="letter-spacing: 2px; font-style: normal; font-size: 16px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">。再就业或者退休后选择继续留在原单位继续工作的，应当与用人单位明确工作性质、报酬以及各类保险问题并进行书面固定，避免通过口头协议约定相关事宜导致后续举证困难。</span></span>
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<span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="letter-spacing: 2px; font-style: normal; font-size: 16px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;"><strong>二、</strong></span><strong><span style="letter-spacing: 2px; font-style: normal; font-size: 16px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;"><strong>重视证据保留</strong></span></strong><span style="letter-spacing: 2px; font-style: normal; font-size: 16px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">。个人应当保存好各项工作材料。若因各类原因未与用人单位签订书面合同，应当保存好工资流水、日常管理人员安排工作任务的微信聊天记录、短信等资料。</span></span>
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<span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;"><strong><span style="letter-spacing: 2px; font-style: normal; font-size: 16px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;"><strong>【法条链接】</strong></span></strong></span>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 2px; font-style: normal; font-size: 16px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">一、《中华人民共和国劳动合同法》第二十一条 劳动者达到法定退休年龄的，劳动合同终止。</span>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 2px; font-style: normal; font-size: 16px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Apple Color Emoji", "Emoji Symbols Font", "Segoe UI Symbol", Arial, sans-serif;">二、《最高人民法院关于审理劳动争议案件适用法律问题的解释（一）》第三十二条第一款 用人单位与其招用的已经依法享受养老保险待遇或者领取退休金的人员发生用工争议而提起诉讼的，人民法院应当按劳务关系处理。</span>
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