警惕！这种症状可能带来大麻烦！
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<span style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;">生活中你有没有出现过极度疲惫，就算休息和睡觉也无法消除疲劳的现象？不是你太懒或太消沉，有可能是你真的病了。</span>
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<span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;">01</strong></span>
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<span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;">慢性疲劳综合征成因复杂</strong></span>
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<span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;">目前没有有效治疗方法</strong></span>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 16px;">医学上有一种被称为慢性疲劳综合征<span style="letter-spacing: 1px;color: #888888;"> (CFS)</span> 的疾病，患者表现为极度疲劳持续至少 6 个月且无基础性医学疾病。</span><span style="text-align: center;letter-spacing: 0.034em;"></span>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 16px;">这种疲劳随体力活动或脑力活动加重，但休息后无改善，并伴随抑郁、头痛、肠胃紊乱、过敏等症状。</span>
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<span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;color: #3DAAD6;">这种疾病也称为肌痛性脑脊髓炎 </span></strong><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;color: #888888;"><span style="color: #888888;letter-spacing: 1px;">(</span>ME)</span><strong><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;color: #3DAAD6;">，有时缩写为 ME/CFS，也有一个最新术语将其称为全身性劳累不耐症</span></strong> <span style="letter-spacing: 1px;color: #888888;">(SEID)</span><strong><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;color: #3DAAD6;">。</span></strong></span></span>
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<span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;">得了慢性疲劳综合征不仅会影响情绪、社交、工作效率，还容易引发中风、自身免疫病等疾病。可惜的是，对于慢性疲劳综合征还没有特别有效的治疗手段，甚至没有对症的药物，只能通过谈话疏导、运动等辅助手段减轻症状。</span></span>
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<span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;color: #3DAAD6;">想要研发针对慢性疲劳综合征的治疗手段，必须找到病因。</span></strong><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;">慢性疲劳综合征的成因非常复杂，病毒感染、免疫系统紊乱、荷尔蒙失衡、营养不良、压力创伤，等都有可能是造成慢性疲劳综合征的罪魁祸首。</span></span>
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<span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;">02</strong></span>
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<span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"></strong><strong>新研究发现</strong></span>
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<span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong>慢性疲劳综合征可能与体内缺少丁酸盐有关</strong><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"></strong></span>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 16px;">科学家们采集和分析了患者的血液、粪便等样品，在错综复杂的数据中寻找慢性疲劳综合征患者和健康人的差异，以及到底什么才是致病的关键。他们发现：</span>
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<span style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;">①慢性疲劳综合征患者的多种免疫细胞状态异常，比如促炎性细胞数量更高，使身体处于慢性炎症的状态；专门负责清理体内“垃圾”的自然杀伤细胞数量下降，导致坏死细胞在体内堆积。</span><span style="text-align: center;letter-spacing: 0.034em;"></span>
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<span style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;">②慢性疲劳综合征患者的代谢也出现异常。我们每个人细胞就像一个小工厂，加工着成百上千种“产品”，氨基酸、脂质、糖类、腺苷等关键营养物质每分每秒都在细胞中不停地组装分解、加工、改造，就像一条条错综复杂的生产线，从原料到产物，每个步骤都很重要，这个复杂的过程就是代谢。</span>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 16px;">在代谢过程中不同细胞表现出了自己的特定的功能，比如复制、运动、交换信号等。<strong><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;color: #3DAAD6;">科学家们发现慢性疲劳综合征患者 80% 的“生产线”都比健康人的产能低，生产不积极，细胞能量和代谢物都不足，功能肯定受损。</span></strong></span>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 16px;">③慢性疲劳综合征患者的肠道菌群紊乱，而且这些病人的肠道上皮细胞往往更脆弱，容易出现肠炎等肠道问题。</span>
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<span style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;">最近发表在《细胞宿主与微生物》杂志上的一篇文章发现，慢性疲劳综合征患者缺少合成丁酸盐的关键肠菌：普拉梭菌和直肠真杆菌。并且这类肠菌的缺失出现在慢性疲劳综合征患者患病的早期， 有可能成为疾病的早期检测指标。</span>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 16px;">可以看出，免疫细胞状态、人体的新陈代谢，以及肠道菌群紊乱都会对慢性疲劳综合征有影响。<strong><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;color: #3DAAD6;">但看起来和疲劳没什么联系的肠道菌，为什么也掺和了进来？肠道中的丁酸盐为什么和疲劳相关呢？</span></strong></span>
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<span style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;">丁酸盐是短链脂肪酸的一种，是目前比较公认的对健康有益的代谢产物。丁酸盐能够促进肠上皮细胞再生，保证肠上皮完整，不怕毒素、病原菌的入侵。</span>
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<span style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;">另外丁酸盐还能够给肠道“消炎<span style="letter-spacing: 1px;">”，</span>以及让巨噬细胞兴奋，巨噬细胞是肠道中的<span style="letter-spacing: 1px;">“</span>巡逻警”，兴奋的巨噬细胞能更有效地抵御细菌病毒的入侵。</span>
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<span style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;">丁酸盐还是细胞重要的能量来源，肠道细胞70%的能量来源都是丁酸盐。</span>
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<span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;color: #3DAAD6;">丁酸盐虽然重要，却是我们人体不能合成的。</span></strong></span>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 16px;">丁酸盐是纤维素、淀粉等碳水化合物的发酵产物。这些碳水化合物不仅难消化，而且我们自身没有分解的酶，只能靠肠道菌群去分解发酵。而且不是所有肠道菌群都有能力发酵纤维素，只有少数像普拉梭菌、溴瘤胃球菌、直肠真杆菌等细菌能做到。</span>
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<span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;color: #3DAAD6;">丁酸盐在我们体内有着广阔的作用范围。</span></strong><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;">丁酸盐虽然由肠道菌群在肠腔内代谢产生 却能轻松穿过肠上皮细胞，进入血液循环走遍全身。</span></span>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 16px;">而且大部分的细胞都认识丁酸盐，细胞表面都有丁酸盐受体，能够与丁酸盐结合，从而受到丁酸盐的影响。所以很多疾病例如糖尿病、肥胖症、神经疾病等都与我们体内丁酸盐的含量有关。</span>
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<span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;">03</strong></span>
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<span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"></strong><strong> 如何减轻慢性疲劳综合征？</strong></span>
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<span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;">一些临床实验正在开展</strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"></strong></span>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 16px;">了解了上述丁酸盐的功能和加工方式，不难看出合成丁酸盐的肠道菌群对我们的健康是多么重要。<strong><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;color: #3DAAD6;">那么补充这类细菌或者补充丁酸盐会不会帮助减轻慢性疲劳综合征症状呢？</span></strong></span>
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<span style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 1px;">目前在科学家与临床医生的配合下，已经有一些改变饮食或补充益生元的临床试验相继展开，包括给慢性疲劳综合征患者补充富含纤维素 的食物、发酵食物，辅酶 Q10、富含可可多酚的巧克力等。</span><span style="text-align: center;letter-spacing: 0.034em;"></span>
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<span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;color: #3DAAD6;">饮食的变化确实展现出了改善病症的效果，有望作为辅助治疗手段在病人中推广。</span></strong></span>
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<span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;">另外，给病人补充益生菌或者粪菌疗法的临床数据也令人颇为振奋。益生菌或粪菌移植能够恢复肠道菌群的稳定状态，并使得超过半数的病人精力和体能得到长期显著改善。</span></span>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 16px;">当然，益生菌治疗慢性疲劳综合征还需要更多大规模临床实验的数据，需要不断优化才能转化成药物。</span>
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<span style="letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 16px;">但看了本篇文章，相信大家都意识到了丁酸盐的重要性。</span>
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<span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;color: #3DAAD6;">我们平时可以多吃富含纤维素的食物，例如全麦、蔬菜、水果、坚果和豆类，</span></strong><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;">这是最有效的增加丁酸盐以及其他短链脂肪酸的手段，也有利于改善肠道菌群的构成，帮助我们精神抖擞、健康地生活！</span></span>
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